查看完整版本: 对本科生教学和参加研究的一些具体建议

对本科生教学和参加研究的一些具体建议

[table=98%,#f1edee][tr][td][font=宋体]不知道大家会不会问自己，如果让你从新上一次大学的话，你会选择什么样的导师？或者如果你是老师的话，你会作的不同么？我有时候会问自己这样的问题，并且去观察其他的老师是如何教课以及带他们作研究的。[/font]
[font=宋体]带本科生，当然首先老师自己要有一定的水平作好备课等等。在此之外，有些细节的地方我觉得可以注意一下如下几点。[/font]
[font=宋体]教学方面：每门课程开始时候要给学生一个非常具体的提纲摘要！让学生清楚你为什么选用某一种教科书；你自己对这门课程比较拿手的地方，比如你作的研究和这门课程有部分相关；告诉学生你期望他们能够从这门课程里面学到什么，以及这门课程和其他课程的关联。如果网上有相关课程的好的教学录像或者资料，可以让学生去学。有时候，让学生们自己组成一些学习小组，可能比在课堂上讲课更有帮助一些因为他们相互之间可以问更多具体的问题。[/font]
[font=宋体]关于本科生参加研究：尽量鼓励学生之间的合作，也要肯定个人的创造力。应该让学生知道，科学发展是建立在前人[/font]/[font=宋体]别人的工作基础上的，要从事科学那么就需要学会和他人合作，最好是自己能够积极主动地去寻求合作。选择研究题目，对一个刚开始作研究的学生，可以选择一个小一点的题目，而且应该是和组里有经验的研究生或者博士后合作，这样才有效率一点。对于本科生来说，能够发表一篇论文是一个很大的动力，但是如果是一个人单独去作，这个进展可能会非常缓慢而且挫折很多。本科生能够用来作研究的时间有限，所以更应该积极寻求合作以便能够及时地完成一个项目，合作者可以一起分享功劳，发文章的话可以作为项目的共同完成人。应该告诉他们本科生参加研究一般主要是为了让他们解一下研究的过程（而不是作很难的研究）。对于一些新兴领域里面的小的项目（比如一些纳米材料相关的），他们有可能作出比较重要一点的贡献；而对于一些比较成熟比较复杂的领域（比如超导机制），短时间的研究一般不会有什么突破，甚至他们的参与会导致延缓项目进展。[/font]
[font=宋体]有关学习如何和别人合作的一点其他想法：除了能够通过参加学生社团锻炼自己的合作能力以外，其实许多集体运动比如足球也能够锻炼合作配合。我经常踢足球，觉得其实组织进攻和防御就和研究学习时候与他人合作比较相似，当然也简单一些。（题外话，中国足球水平不行，可能和缺乏这种默契配合有关系，而年轻的中国科学家，能够团结起来积极地寻求合作的也比较少。）[/font]
另：参见饶毅教授有关本科教育博文：[url=http://www.sciencenet.cn/blog/user_content.aspx?id=22932]要做有长期影响的工作[/url]

Some advices for mentoring undergraduates
If you were able to start over as an undergraduate again, what kind of professor you would choose to study/work with? Or, if you were to become a professor, would you do it differently? Sometimes I ask these questions to myself, and when convenient, I try to observe how different professors teach their classes and manage their research groups.
No doubt that to mentor undergraduates, a professor needs to be well-trained and well-prepared.
In addition, based on my observation there are some details that I think could be useful.
About teaching: always give a detailed syllabus! Tell the students the reason that you choose the particular textbook; also tell them your strength in teaching this course, e.g., the parts related to your research; how much do you expect them to learn from this course and to understand the connections with other subjects of the field. Let your students know if there are some good online sources, like lectures videos by some great teachers. Sometimes, forming study groups among students is more useful than class teaching in terms of answering specific questions of a student.
About research: always encourages collaboration between students while also reward individual creativity.
Should let them know, that any advance of science is based on a lot of work by others, and if they are interested in doing science they should learn to collaborate with each other and learn to initiate collaboration (as in other businesses). About research project, for most undergraduates, the first one is better to be a small topic, and should be in collaboration with one or more senior members (gs, postdoc, prof) in the group.
Publishing a first-author paper certainly can be a strong incentive for an undergraduate student, but without input from others, this process can be very slow and painful.
For an undergraduate with limited time, he/she should learn to actively collaborate with other students and finish one project together, and they can share the credit and be co-authors.
They should be told that the main purpose for an undergraduate project is to get a taste of doing research. Usually with small projects exploring a new field (like many nano related research), they will have more chance to make substantial contributions.
For more difficult projects in relatively matured fields (like superconductivity), a short time involvement probably won’t contribute too much, or even may delay the whole progress.
One additional thought about learning to collaborate with others: besides participating student organizations, one may also learn to collaborate from sports like soccer. My experience is that to organize an effective offense/defense is somewhat like to initiate collaboration in a project, although playing soccer is probably easier and more fun. (Btw, as the poor record of our man’s soccer team indicates, lack of active collaboration may be also a problem for young Chinese scientists.)

[/td][/tr][tr][td][table=98%][tr=#f1edee][td]本文引用地址：[url=http://www.sciencenet.cn/blog/user_content.aspx?id=26352]http://www.sciencenet.cn/blog/user_content.aspx?id=26352[/url]
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:victory: 不错　～～～～～

学习一下。。。。。:)